Details and discussion of each of these terms is on-line in the Jewish Encyclopedia.

• Torah
• mitzvah/mitzvot(pl)
• Tanakh (Torah, Prophets, Writings)
• YHVH/Yahweh (Tetragrammaton)
• Covenant (berit)
• Exile (Galut)/Dispersion/Diaspora)
• goy/goyim
• Mishnah
• Talmud/gemara
• Shema
• Kashrut
• Mikvah
• Shabbat/Sabbath
• Passover (Pesach)
• Pentecost (Shavuot)
• New Year/Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah)
• Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
• Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot)
• Hanukkah (Festival of Lights/Maccabees)
• Purim (Esther)
• Bar Mitzvah/Bat Mitzvah
• halachah
• Hasid/Hasidic
• Tzadik